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The Handbook · 04

History & Records

The FIFA World Cup has crowned a champion every four years since 1930, pausing only for the Second World War. Eight nations have ever won it. Here is the story so far — and why 2026 is different.

Titles by nation
Brazil
5
Germany
4
Italy
4
Argentina
3
France
2
Uruguay
2
England
1
Spain
1
By the numbers
5
Brazil titles — the most of any nation
16
Goals by Miroslav Klose — most in finals history
13
Just Fontaine’s goals in one tournament (1958)
8
Nations that have ever won the World Cup
3
Pelé’s winners’ medals (1958, 1962, 1970) — a record
22
Tournaments played, 1930–2022
Every champion
Argentina2022
3–3 (4–2 pens) v France · Qatar
France2018
4–2 v Croatia · Russia
Germany2014
1–0 v Argentina · Brazil
Spain2010
1–0 v Netherlands · South Africa
Italy2006
1–1 (5–3 pens) v France · Germany
Brazil2002
2–0 v Germany · South Korea / Japan
France1998
3–0 v Brazil · France
Brazil1994
0–0 (3–2 pens) v Italy · USA
West Germany1990
1–0 v Argentina · Italy
Argentina1986
3–2 v West Germany · Mexico
Italy1982
3–1 v West Germany · Spain
Argentina1978
3–1 v Netherlands · Argentina
West Germany1974
2–1 v Netherlands · West Germany
Brazil1970
4–1 v Italy · Mexico
England1966
4–2 v West Germany · England
Brazil1962
3–1 v Czechoslovakia · Chile
Brazil1958
5–2 v Sweden · Sweden
West Germany1954
3–2 v Hungary · Switzerland
Uruguay1950
2–1 v Brazil · Brazil
Italy1938
4–2 v Hungary · France
Italy1934
2–1 v Czechoslovakia · Italy
Uruguay1930
4–2 v Argentina · Uruguay
Moments that made it
The Maracanazo (1950)

Uruguay silenced a 200,000-strong Maracanã to beat host Brazil and win the title — still the sport’s most famous upset.

Brazil 1970

Pelé’s side, widely called the greatest team ever, lit up Mexico and kept the Jules Rimet trophy for good.

Hand of God & Goal of the Century (1986)

In one quarter-final, Maradona scored with his hand, then dribbled half of England for perhaps the greatest goal ever.

Zidane’s headbutt (2006)

France’s talisman ended his career sent off in the final — an indelible image of brilliance and fury.

Messi’s coronation (2022)

A classic final against France ended in penalties, and Lionel Messi finally lifted the trophy that had eluded him.

2026 · A new era

2026 begins a new era: the first 48-team World Cup, the first hosted by three nations across a continent, and the most open field the tournament has ever seen — more debutants and more dark horses with a genuine shot than ever before.

How 2026 works